systemd-analyze
Analyze system boot-up performance
TLDR
Print the last system startup time
$ systemd-analyze
List all running units ordered by initialization time$ systemd-analyze blame
Print a tree of the time-critical chain of bootup units$ systemd-analyze critical-chain
Create an SVG showing service startup timeline$ systemd-analyze plot > [path/to/file.svg]
Plot a dependency graph to SVG$ systemd-analyze dot | dot -T svg > [path/to/file.svg]
Show security scores of running units$ systemd-analyze security
View all udev rules without comments$ systemd-analyze cat-config udev/rules.d --tldr
SYNOPSIS
systemd-analyze [command] [options]
DESCRIPTION
systemd-analyze provides detailed information about system boot-up performance and systemd unit configurations. It helps identify slow-starting services and debug boot issues.
The blame and critical-chain commands are particularly useful for optimizing boot time by identifying bottlenecks. The security command audits unit sandboxing configurations.
PARAMETERS
blame
List units by startup timecritical-chain
Show critical path of unit startupplot
Generate SVG plot of boot sequencedot
Generate dependency graph in DOT formatsecurity
Analyze security and sandboxing settingsverify
Verify unit file syntaxcat-config
Show merged configuration filestime
Show boot timing summary (default)
CAVEATS
Some commands require graphviz (dot) for visualization. Boot timing data is only available after system boots completely. Security scores are recommendations, not requirements.
SEE ALSO
systemctl(1), journalctl(1), systemd(1), bootctl(1)