e2fsck

Check filesystem for errors

$ sudo e2fsck /dev/sdXN

$ sudo e2fsck -p /dev/sdXN

$ sudo e2fsck -c /dev/sdXN

$ sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sdXN

$ sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdXN

$ sudo e2fsck -v /dev/sdXN

e2fsck [-panyrcdfvtDFV] [-b superblock] [-B blocksize] device

e2fsck checks and optionally repairs Linux ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystems. The filesystem should be unmounted before running this command, or mounted read-only at minimum.

-a

Automatically repair without prompting (same as -p)

Use alternative superblock

Specify block size when searching for superblock

Check for bad blocks using read-only test

Write completion information to file descriptor

Print debugging output

Optimize directories

Force check even if filesystem seems clean

Flush buffer cache before checking

Keep existing bad block list

Open read-only, answer "no" to all questions

Preen mode: automatically repair safe problems

Print timing statistics

Verbose mode

Answer "yes" to all questions

Never run e2fsck on a mounted filesystem unless it's read-only. The -y option can cause data loss if used carelessly. Always backup before repairing.

e2fsck is part of e2fsprogs, providing filesystem checking for ext2/3/4 filesystems since the early 1990s.

fsck(8), tune2fs(8), dumpe2fs(8), mke2fs(8)