x8

Check hidden parameters in a URL query

$ x8 [[-u|--url]] [https://example.com/] [[-w|--wordlist]] [path/to/wordlist.txt]

$ x8 [[-u|--url]] [https://example.com/?something=1%26%s] [[-w|--wordlist]] [path/to/wordlist.txt]

$ x8 [[-u|--url]] [https://example.com/] [[-X|--method]] [POST] [[-b|--body]] ['{"x":{%s]'] [[-w|--wordlist]] [path/to/wordlist.txt]

$ x8 [[-u|--url]] [https://example.com/] [[-P|--param-template]] [user[%k]=%v] [[-w|--wordlist]] [path/to/wordlist.txt]

$ x8 [[-u|--url]] [https://example.com/?path=..%2faction.php%3f%s%23] --encode [[-w|--wordlist]] [path/to/wordlist.txt]

$ x8 [[-u|--url]] [https://example.com/] --headers [[-w|--wordlist]] [path/to/headers.txt]

$ x8 [[-u|--url]] [https://example.com/] [https://4rt.one/] [[-W|--workers]] [0] -c [3] --verify

$ x8 [[-u|--url]] [https://example.com/] [[-w|--wordlist]] [path/to/wordlist.txt] --save-responses [path/to/output_dir]

The command is abstract and not directly invoked in a terminal. However, the following describes the general usage:
<32-bit executable>

The x86 command, typically accessed through a script or compatibility layer, allows you to run 32-bit Linux executables on a 64-bit Linux system. This is achieved through kernel support for executing binaries built for different architectures, often facilitated by packages like `ia32-libs` or `glibc.i686`.
Essentially, it sets up the appropriate environment (libraries, system calls, etc.) so that the 32-bit program can execute without modification. This is crucial for running older applications, games, or other software that haven't been ported to 64-bit architectures. Modern distributions often deprecate these packages, and it might require manually installing dependencies or setting up chroots/containers to run 32-bit software on newer systems. It does not exist as a standalone command; rather it is a conceptual interface handled by kernel, drivers and related libraries.

This functionality depends heavily on the availability of necessary 32-bit libraries and kernel support. Compatibility can vary significantly between Linux distributions and versions. Expect issues with older or less-maintained software. Modern distributions are increasingly deprecating these 32-bit compatibility features, making it harder to run 32 bit programs. Using containers is the best approach.

When you execute a 32-bit binary on a 64-bit system with the necessary support, the kernel detects the binary format (ELF32) and invokes appropriate system calls and library loading routines to emulate a 32-bit environment. This involves mapping 32-bit versions of system libraries into the process's address space, adjusting system call numbers, and handling memory addressing differences. This is largely transparent to the user.

Running 32-bit applications on a 64-bit system often requires installing the 32-bit versions of libraries the application depends on. This can be achieved via the distributions package manager, i.e `apt-get install libstdc++6:i386` on debian.

Early adoption of 64-bit architectures meant needing to maintain support for existing 32-bit applications. Linux kernels provided mechanisms to allow the execution of 32-bit binaries on 64-bit systems. Specific libraries and system configurations were crucial for this functionality.

chroot(8), docker(1), lxc(1)