turbo

Benchmark file compression and decompression performance

TLDR

Log in using the default web browser with a Vercel account

$ turbo login

Link the current directory to a Vercel organization and enable remote caching

$ turbo link

Build the current project

$ turbo run build

Run a task without concurrency

$ turbo run [task_name] --concurrency=[1]

Run a task ignoring cached artifacts and forcibly re-execute all tasks

$ turbo run [task_name] --force

Run a task in parallel across packages

$ turbo run [task_name] --parallel --no-cache

Unlink the current directory from your Vercel organization and disable Remote Caching

$ turbo unlink

Generate a Dot graph of a specific task execution (the output file format can be controlled with the filename)

$ turbo run [task_name] --graph=[path/to/file.html|jpg|json|pdf|png|svg]

-c
    Displays C-state residency (CPU idle states).

-i
    Shows interrupt information per CPU.

-p
    Provides P-state (frequency) residency information.

-s
    Displays S-state (system sleep states) residency.

-M
    Shows M-state (memory) residency, if supported by hardware.

-T
    Reports package temperature (requires hardware support).

-v
    Enables verbose output.

-h
    Displays help message and exits.

-q
    Suppresses header output, useful for scripting.

-r
    Prints raw counter values.

-S
    Summarizes output across all CPUs or packages.

interval
    The time in seconds between each sample. If omitted, it defaults to a single output.

DESCRIPTION

turbostat is a command-line tool that reports real-time information about processor topology, frequencies, idle states (C-states), power consumption, and temperatures. It's invaluable for analyzing CPU performance and power management. The command leverages Model Specific Registers (MSRs) and sysfs to gather detailed data, including actual CPU core frequencies (which can exceed base frequencies due to Intel Turbo Boost or AMD Precision Boost), time spent in various power-saving states, and thermal data. It helps system administrators and developers identify power inefficiencies, CPU throttling, or performance bottlenecks by providing insights into how aggressively a CPU is utilizing its available power and clock speed ranges.

Note: The command "turbo" is not a standard, standalone Linux command. This analysis assumes the user may be referring to "turbostat", a widely used tool for monitoring CPU turbo frequencies and power states.

CAVEATS

turbostat typically requires root privileges (or CAP_SYS_RAWIO capability) to access MSRs.
The availability and accuracy of certain metrics depend heavily on the CPU architecture and its support for specific MSRs. Output can be complex and may require understanding of CPU power management concepts.

UNDERSTANDING C-STATES AND P-STATES

C-states (Idle States) refer to different levels of CPU inactivity, ranging from C0 (active) to deeper states like C1, C3, C6, where parts of the CPU are powered down to save energy. turbostat reports the time spent in each.
P-states (Performance States) refer to different operating frequencies and voltages for the CPU. turbostat shows the actual frequency distribution, including frequencies above the nominal clock speed when Turbo Boost/Precision Boost is active.

HISTORY

turbostat is part of the linux-tools package, a collection of performance monitoring and debugging utilities for the Linux kernel. Its development is closely tied to advancements in CPU power management and performance features like Intel's Turbo Boost Technology, providing a direct interface to monitor these sophisticated hardware capabilities. It's primarily developed and maintained by Intel engineers as part of the open-source Linux kernel effort.