seq

Generate numbers from 1 to 10

$ seq 10

$ seq 5 10

$ seq 0 2 10

$ seq 10 -1 1

$ seq -w 1 100

$ seq -s ", " 1 5

$ seq -f "file%03g.txt" 1 10

seq [options] [first [increment]] last

seq prints a sequence of numbers, one per line by default. It's useful for generating numbered lists, loop counters, and formatted sequences in shell scripts.
Without a starting number, seq begins at 1. The increment defaults to 1 (or -1 if first > last). Floating-point numbers are supported for all arguments.
The -f option accepts printf-style format specifiers: %g for general number, %f for fixed-point, %e for exponential notation. Width and precision modifiers work as in printf.
Commonly used in bash loops: for i in $(seq 1 10); do echo $i; done or with brace expansion alternative: for i in {1..10}; do echo $i; done.

last

Generate from 1 to last

Generate from first to last

Generate from first to last with specified increment

Use printf-style format for output (e.g., %g, %f, %e)

Use string as separator (default: newline)

Pad with leading zeros for equal width

Display help and exit

Display version and exit

For large sequences, seq is more memory-efficient than brace expansion as it generates numbers on demand rather than expanding all at once.
Floating-point increments may accumulate rounding errors. For precise decimal sequences, consider using other tools or languages.
Bash brace expansion {1..10} is often faster for simple integer sequences when the shell supports it.

jot(1), yes(1), printf(1), bash(1)