pacstrap
Install packages using Pacman to the specified new root directory.
TLDR
Install the base package, Linux kernel and firmware for common hardware
$ pacstrap [path/to/new/root] [base] [linux] [linux-firmware]
Install the base package, Linux LTS kernel and base-devel build tools
$ pacstrap [path/to/new/root] [base] [base-devel] [linux-lts]
Install packages without copy the host's mirrorlist to the target
$ pacstrap -M [path/to/new/root] [packages]
Use an alternate configuration file for Pacman
$ pacstrap -C [path/to/pacman.conf] [path/to/new/root] [packages]
Install packages using the package cache on the host instead of on the target
$ pacstrap -c [path/to/new/root] [packages]
Initialize an empty pacman keyring in the target without copying it from the host
$ pacstrap -K [path/to/new/root] [packages]
Install packages in interactive mode (prompts for confirmation)
$ pacstrap -i [path/to/new/root] [packages]
Install packages using package files
$ pacstrap -U [path/to/new/root] [path/to/package1] [path/to/package2]