dir

list directory contents

List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-a , --all do not ignore entries starting with .

-A , --almost -all do not list implied . and ..

--author with -l ,print the author of each file

-b , --escape print C -style escapes for nongraphic characters

--block -size = SIZE with -l ,scale sizes by SIZE when printing them; e.g., ' --block -size=M'; see SIZE format below

-B , --ignore -backups do not list implied entries ending with ~

-c with -lt :sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with -l :show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first

-C list entries by columns

--color [= WHEN ] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below

-d , --directory list directories themselves, not their contents

-D , --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

-f do not sort, enable -aU ,disable -ls --color

-F , --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

--file -type likewise, except do not append '*'

--format = WORD across -x ,commas -m ,horizontal -x ,long -l , single -column -1 ,verbose -l ,vertical -C

--full -time like -l --time -style = full -iso

-g like -l ,but do not list owner

--group -directories -first group directories before files;

can be augmented with a --sort option, but any use of --sort = none ( -U )disables grouping

-G , --no -group in a long listing, don't print group names

-h , --human -readable with -l and -s ,print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.

--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

-H , --dereference -command -line follow symbolic links listed on the command line

--dereference -command -line -symlink -to -dir follow each command line symbolic link

that points to a directory

--hide = PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A )

--hyperlink [= WHEN ] hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'

--indicator -style = WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash ( -p ), file -type ( --file -type ),classify ( -F )

-i , --inode print the index number of each file

-I , --ignore = PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

-k , --kibibytes default to 1024 -byte blocks for disk usage; used only with -s and per directory totals

-l use a long listing format

-L , --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself

-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries

-n , --numeric -uid -gid like -l ,but list numeric user and group IDs

-N , --literal print entry names without quoting

-o like -l ,but do not list group information

-p , --indicator -style = slash append / indicator to directories

-q , --hide -control -chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters

--show -control -chars show nongraphic characters as -is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)

-Q , --quote -name enclose entry names in double quotes

--quoting -style = WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell -always, shell -escape, shell -escape -always, c, escape (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)

-r , --reverse reverse order while sorting

-R , --recursive list subdirectories recursively

-s , --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

-S sort by file size, largest first

--sort = WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none ( -U ),size ( -S ), time ( -t ),version ( -v ),extension ( -X )

--time = WORD with -l ,show time as WORD instead of default modification time: atime or access or use ( -u ); ctime or status ( -c );also use specified time as sort key if --sort = time (newest first)

--time -style = TIME_STYLE time/date format with -l ;see TIME_STYLE below

-t sort by modification time, newest first

-T , --tabsize = COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

-u with -lt :sort by, and show, access time; with -l :show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest first

-U do not sort; list entries in directory order

-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text

-w , --width = COLS set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit

-x list entries by lines instead of by columns

-X sort alphabetically by entry extension

-Z , --context print any security context of each file

-1 list one file per line. Avoid ' \ n' with -q or -b

--help display this help and exit

--version output version information and exit

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

The TIME_STYLE argument can be full -iso, long -iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1). If FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non -recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files. TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix -' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale. Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.

Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with --color = never .With --color = auto ,ls emits color codes only when standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.

Exit status:

0 if OK,

1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),

2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command -line argument).

dir

list directory contents

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Exit status:

REPORTING BUGS

COPYRIGHT

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR