du
estimate file space usage
TLDR
List the sizes of a directory and any subdirectories, in the given unit (B/KiB/MiB)
List the sizes of a directory and any subdirectories, in human-readable form (i.e. auto-selecting the appropriate unit for each size)
Show the size of a single directory, in human-readable units
List the human-readable sizes of a directory and of all the files and directories within it
List the human-readable sizes of a directory and any subdirectories, up to N levels deep
List the human-readable size of all .jpg files in subdirectories of the current directory, and show a cumulative total at the end
SYNOPSIS
du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
DESCRIPTION
Summarize device usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
- -0, --null
-
end each output line with NUL, not newline
- -a, --all
-
write counts for all files, not just directories
- --apparent-size
-
print apparent sizes rather than device usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
- -B, --block-size=SIZE
-
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
- -b, --bytes
-
equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
- -c, --total
-
produce a grand total
- -D, --dereference-args
-
dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line
- -d, --max-depth=N
-
print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize
- --files0-from=F
-
summarize device usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F; if F is -, then read names from standard input
- -H
-
equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
- -h, --human-readable
-
print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
- --inodes
-
list inode usage information instead of block usage
- -k
-
like --block-size=1K
- -L, --dereference
-
dereference all symbolic links
- -l, --count-links
-
count sizes many times if hard linked
- -m
-
like --block-size=1M
- -P, --no-dereference
-
don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
- -S, --separate-dirs
-
for directories do not include size of subdirectories
- --si
-
like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
- -s, --summarize
-
display only a total for each argument
- -t, --threshold=SIZE
-
exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative
- --time
-
show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories
- --time=WORD
-
show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status
- --time-style=STYLE
-
show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'
- -X, --exclude-from=FILE
-
exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
- --exclude=PATTERN
-
exclude files that match PATTERN
- -x, --one-file-system
-
skip directories on different file systems
- --help
-
display this help and exit
- --version
-
output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
PATTERNS
PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The pattern ? matches any one character, whereas * matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple characters). For example, *.o will match any files whose names end in .o. Therefore, the command
du --exclude='*.o'
will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file .o itself).
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help:
<https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to
<https://translationproject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There
is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du> or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'
AUTHOR
Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and Jim Meyering.
