bulk_extractor

bulk_extractor -o output_dir [options] [ image | -R dir ]

bulk_extractor scans a disk image (or any other file) for a large num‐ ber of pre-defined regular expressions and other kinds of content. These items are called features. When it finds a feature, bulk_extrac‐ tor writes the output to an output file. Each line of the output file contains a byte offset at which the feature was found, a tab, and the actual feature. Features therefore cannot contain the end-of-line char‐ acter. bulk_extractor includes native support for EnCase (.E01) and AFFLIB (.aff) files, if it compiled and linked on a system containing those libraries. Alternatively, the -R option can be used to recursively scan and process a directory of individual files (disk images in such a di‐ rectory will be treated as files, not as disk images). bulk_extractor is multi-threaded. By specifying the -j option, multiple copies of the program can be run. Each thread writes its results into its own feature file. The files are then combined by the primary thread when all of the secondary threads complete. bulk_extractor is a two-phase program. In phase 1 the features are ex‐ tracted. In phase 2 a histogram is created of relevant features. bulk_extractor will also create a wordlist of all the words that are found in the disk image. This can be used as a dictionary for cracking encryption. The options are as follows: -o outdir Specifies the output directory, which will be created by bulk_extractor if necessary. If the output directory contains data from a partial bulk_extractor run, bulk_extractor will at‐ tempt to resume where the previous run left off. -b bannerfile.txt Read the contents of bannerfile.txt and stamp it at the begin‐ ning of each output file. This might be useful if you have some kind of privacy banner that needs to be stamped at the top of all of your files. -r alert_list.txt Specifies an alert list, (or red list), which is a list of terms that, if found, will be specifically flagged in a special alert file that begins with the letters ALERT. The alert list may contain individual terms, which must be found in their entirity and are case-sensitive, or wildcards with standard Unix globbing (e.g. *@company.com). Globbed terms are case-insensitive. -w stop_list.txt Specifies a stop list, (or white list), which is a list of terms that, if found, will be placed in a special stopped file (rather than in the main file). The whitelist may also contain globbed terms. -s frac[:passes] Specify random sampling parameters. -p path/format Open a disk image and print the information found at path. The format specification may be r for raw output and h for hex out‐ put. Specify -p - for interactive mode. Specify -p -http for HTTP mode. -F Specifies a file of regular expressions to be used as search terms. -f Specifies a regular expression to be used as a search term. -q nn Quiet mode. Only prints every nn status reports. Specify -1 for no status. -Wn1:n2 The scan_wordlist scanner should only extract words that are be‐ tween n1 and n2 characters in length.

These commands are useful for tuning operation: -C NN Specifies the size of the context window. -S fr::window=NN specifies context window for recorder to NN. -S fr::window_before=NN specifies context window after to NN for recorder -S fr::window_after=NN specifies context window before to NN for recorder -G NN specify the page size -g NN Specifies the size of the margin in bytes. -j NN Use n threads for analysis. Normally you do not need specify this, as the default is the number of processors on the current computer. -m NN Have bulk_extractor wait at most NN minutes for scanners to fin‐ ish after all data have been read.

The following commands are useful for debugging: -V Print the version number -R outdir Restarts the program from where it left off for a particular di‐ rectory. -B nn Set the dedup Bloom filter to nn bits. This is used by the scan_wordlist scanner. -M nn Specifies a maximum recursion depth of nn. -z pagenum Start on page number pagenum. -Y [-] Start at input offset o1 optionally ending at offset o2 -dN Enable debugging level N.

Finally, you can control scanners with these options: -P

bulk_extractor is based on a feature extractor and named entity recog‐ nizer developed for SBook in 1991. The feature extractor was repurposed for disk images in 2003. The stand-alone bulk_extractor program was rewritten in 2005 and publicly released in 2007. The multi-threaded bulk_extractor was released in May 2010.

Simson Garfinkel